Search engines follow links to discover pages (crawling), store what they find (indexing), and order the results for each search (ranking). A page has to be found and indexed before it can rank at all.
Ranking weighs how well a page answers the search, how trustworthy the site looks, and how good the page is to use.
Key points
Crawl, index, rank
Pages must be indexed to appear
Relevance and trust decide the order
On-page SEO
Each page should answer one main question. Put its main phrase in the title tag and the H1, write a meta description that makes people want to click, and use headings to structure the text.
Give images descriptive file names and alt text, and link to your related pages.
Key points
One topic per page
Title tag, H1 and meta description
Alt text and internal links
Technical SEO and hosting
Search engines prefer pages that load fast, work on phones and use HTTPS. Your hosting affects all three: server speed, uptime and SSL. See how hosting impacts SEO.
Submit a sitemap in Google Search Console so new pages are found quickly.
Key points
Fast pages
Mobile-friendly design
HTTPS everywhere
A sitemap in Search Console
Content and links
Write for the questions your customers actually ask, and keep important pages up to date. Useful pages earn links from other sites, which search engines read as votes of trust.
Earn links by being worth citing; avoid buying them or joining link schemes, which can get a site penalised.
Key points
Answer real questions
Update key pages
Earn links, never buy them
Promoting your site
Search takes time. Meanwhile, share new pages on the social networks your customers use, build an email list, and list your business in relevant directories and maps.
Measure what works with an analytics tool and do more of it.
Key points
Social sharing
An email list
Business listings
Measure with analytics
Checklist
SEO basics: do and avoid.
Do
Use HTTPS
Free Let's Encrypt SSL comes with every hosting plan.